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“They are rid of the Christian God and now believe all the more firmly that they must cling to Christian morality. That is an English consistency; we do not wish to hold it against little moralistic females á la Eliot. In England one must rehabilitate oneself after every little emancipation from theology by showing in a veritably awe-inspiring manner what a moral fanatic one is. That is the penance they pay there.

We others hold otherwise. When one gives up the Christian faith, one pulls the right to Christian morality from under one’s feet. This morality is by no means self-evident: this point has to be exhibited again and again, despite these English flatheads. Christianity is a system, a whole view of things thought out together. By breaking one main concept out of it, the faith in God, one breaks the whole: nothing necessary remains in one’s hands. Christianity presupposes…

Introduction

In this essay I intend to do a number of things. First of all, I will explain what epistemology is in order to make what follows easier to understand. Once this has been done, I will move on to explain a problem highlighted by the french philosopher René Descartes, with regards to how one is to justify the use of reason. This will then follow on to Kant’s theory on the limits of reason itself. He uses this theory to conclude that knowledge of the transcendent is not possible; that is, we cannot have knowledge of things such as God or of an immaterial soul. Upon elaborating his theory, I will then move on to my critique of this philosophy, wherein I will argue that reason does indeed have its limits. Furthermore, I will argue that these limits are not static, but rather that they fluctuate. And finally, I…